Book: Later Stages Symptoms

As we have seen, the reasons for changes in behaviour may not always be clear. They may be due to, or a combination of; difficulties caused by dementia (such as orientation problems), mental and physical health, habits, personality, interactions with others and the environment.

·         If the change of behaviour is very sudden, it may be caused by delirium - this means there is a medical cause for the behaviour change e.g. infection, dehydration, severe constipation. If this might be a possibility then immediate medical care is important to prevent severe complications.

·         Consider the environment:  too much activity, loud noises, any noise. Would they like peace and quiet time? Is it too hot, cold or too bright? Is the smell off putting? Do they know where they are? Is this place familiar?

·         Ensure that any glasses or hearing aids are clean and functioning properly. Arrange regular sight and hearing checks.

·         Consider whether they may be bored or in need of stimulation. Engage the person in meaningful activities. Gentle activities such as a hand massage, listening to their favourite music or stroking a soft piece of fabric may help. Stay and be with the person, they may need to ‘chat ‘ to someone

·         Make sure the person is comfortable – for example not in pain, too hot, cold, hungry, thirsty, or needing the toilet. Check whether the person’s medication is appropriate or whether they might be ill or in pain. A visit to the GP to rule out any physical problems is a good idea.

Try and understand what may be causing the person’s behaviour. Keep a diary. Finding a trigger might help find a solution.

If you cannot find a solution, speak to your GP or Public Health Nurse. The person with dementia may need a review of medications or assessment by the Consultant Psychiatrist of Later Life.